Huutoäänen akustiset ja perkeptuaaliset piirteet
LEHTINEN, ELINA (2010)
LEHTINEN, ELINA
2010
Puheoppi - Speech Communication and Voice Research
Humanistinen tiedekunta - Faculty of Humanities
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2010-11-04
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:uta-1-20985
https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:uta-1-20985
Tiivistelmä
Acoustic and Perceptual Characteristics of a Shouting Voice
This study investigated the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of a shouting voice. A total of 35 males (24 actor students, 11 other students) shouted a short monolog (an excerpt of Shakespeare‘s King Lear) in a studio. Their lowest possible tone (produced in soft voice, vocal fry excluded) was also measured. The recorded shouting samples were analyzed for mean fundamental frequency (F0), equivalent sound level (Leq), difference between the average Leq of the 1–5kHz region and the average Leq of the 50Hz–1kHz region (‘alpha ratio’), loudness (in sones) and difference between the average level of the F1 region and the average level of the F0 region (L1-L0). Long-term average spectra (LTAS) were made. The relative F0 (difference between the lowest possible F0 and the mean F0 in shouting, measured in semitones) was also calculated. Nine listeners, trained in vocology, evaluated the samples for voice quality, timbre, perceived pitch, perceived loudness, firmness of phonation (along the axis from breathy to pressed), degree of turbulence noise, and roughness. Reliability between the listeners’ evaluations was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0,80-0,94).
Acoustic features of the shouting voice seemed to be high Leq, relatively high F0 and high alpha ratio. LTAS analyses demonstrated increased acoustic energy in the higher part of the spectrum, but several different LTAS patterns emerged. According to the listeners’ evaluations voices had lots of roughness and noise. The shouting voices also had a tendency to pressed voice quality. The actor students had higher Leq and alpha ratio and lower F0 than the others. The voices of the actor students’ were also evaluated to have better voice quality and greater loudness than the other voices. Lack of hypertension, perceived noise and roughness correlated with voice quality. Alpha ratio, firmness, Leq and F0 seemed to be related to the degree of perceived loudness. The main characteristics in good shouting voice, thus, seemed to be lack of perceived noise, lack of roughness, high alpha ratio, high Leq and appropriate firmness. These characteristics imply vocal efficiency and phonation balance. No specific spectral correlates of good shouting voice were identified.
Asiasanat:shouting, loudness, voice quality, perceptual evaluation, long-term average spectrum
This study investigated the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of a shouting voice. A total of 35 males (24 actor students, 11 other students) shouted a short monolog (an excerpt of Shakespeare‘s King Lear) in a studio. Their lowest possible tone (produced in soft voice, vocal fry excluded) was also measured. The recorded shouting samples were analyzed for mean fundamental frequency (F0), equivalent sound level (Leq), difference between the average Leq of the 1–5kHz region and the average Leq of the 50Hz–1kHz region (‘alpha ratio’), loudness (in sones) and difference between the average level of the F1 region and the average level of the F0 region (L1-L0). Long-term average spectra (LTAS) were made. The relative F0 (difference between the lowest possible F0 and the mean F0 in shouting, measured in semitones) was also calculated. Nine listeners, trained in vocology, evaluated the samples for voice quality, timbre, perceived pitch, perceived loudness, firmness of phonation (along the axis from breathy to pressed), degree of turbulence noise, and roughness. Reliability between the listeners’ evaluations was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0,80-0,94).
Acoustic features of the shouting voice seemed to be high Leq, relatively high F0 and high alpha ratio. LTAS analyses demonstrated increased acoustic energy in the higher part of the spectrum, but several different LTAS patterns emerged. According to the listeners’ evaluations voices had lots of roughness and noise. The shouting voices also had a tendency to pressed voice quality. The actor students had higher Leq and alpha ratio and lower F0 than the others. The voices of the actor students’ were also evaluated to have better voice quality and greater loudness than the other voices. Lack of hypertension, perceived noise and roughness correlated with voice quality. Alpha ratio, firmness, Leq and F0 seemed to be related to the degree of perceived loudness. The main characteristics in good shouting voice, thus, seemed to be lack of perceived noise, lack of roughness, high alpha ratio, high Leq and appropriate firmness. These characteristics imply vocal efficiency and phonation balance. No specific spectral correlates of good shouting voice were identified.
Asiasanat:shouting, loudness, voice quality, perceptual evaluation, long-term average spectrum