Quantum measurement of work in mesoscopic systems

Abstract

Heat and work in thermodynamics refer to the measurement of changes in energy content of external bodies (baths and agents). We discuss the implications of quantum mechanics on the possibility to measure work in the mesoscopic context. The agent is a quantum entity (say an oscillator) that is used to drive the system. An inherent limitation is related to back-reaction, leading to a classical-like restriction. We find that in order to resolve fingerprints of interference, an additional quantum uncertainty limitation should be taken into account in the design of the agent. This quantum limitation is fundamental, not merely noise-like blurring.