The Strategic Use of AI in Organizations: A Configurational Approach Based on TOE Framework

Abstract

This study explores how the interplay between various technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) factors contributes to the strategic use of artificial intelligence (AI) in organizations from a configurational perspective. Using survey data collected from employees in organizations, this study identified six different configurations that lead to high strategic use of AI via using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Perceived AI affordances (a technological factor), entrepreneurial orientation (an organizational factor), and both competitive pressure and government support (environmental factors) are core conditions across multiple configurations, highlighting their critical role in driving the strategic use of AI in organizations. This research enhances the theoretical understanding of organizational strategic use of AI from a configurational view and provides practical insights for organizations to effectively adopt and leverage AI for business value considering the interplay of TOE-related factors.