Understanding Circular Economy Implementation in Apartment Building Projects: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The construction and real estate sectors are major contributors to global environmental impacts, particularly through greenhouse gas emissions and high resource consumption. Consequently, increasing attention has been directed toward circular economy (CE) practices to address these challenges. While CE has gained significant traction at the European Union policy level and in several innovative research initiatives, there is a gap in its practical implementation in the construction industry. This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine how CE approaches are often implemented in residential apartment building projects. Following a transparent and replicable protocol, selected articles were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study identifies five main challenges for CE implementation in apartment building projects: financial, technical, regulatory, cultural and infrastructural. Furthermore, study discussed key considerations for regenerative thinking to boost CE in apartment building projects. In conclusion, authors argue regenerative circularity presents multiple opportunities for developing more sustainable and social residential built environments.