Professionals’ Needs When Identifying and Intervening in Cases of Emotional Violence Against Children: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Abstract

This study explores professionals’ needs when identifying and intervening in cases of emotional violence against children where a parent is the perpetrator. Emotional violence, while less visible than physical and sexual violence, has significant adverse effects on mental health and behaviour. This study was conducted in Finland, utilising a qualitative descriptive approach with an inductive content analysis method. Data were collected using purposive sampling via an electronic questionnaire distributed to professionals in the health, social and education fields, resulting in 314 valid responses. The analysis revealed three main categories of needs—namely, knowledge and skills to work with families, knowledge and support in acting as a professional in a service system and information to enhance the professionals’ own competence. The professionals reported difficulties in initiating conversations about emotional violence, identifying its various forms and conducting effective interventions. They also highlighted the need for culturally sensitive materials and tools. Additionally, the professionals needed support in navigating the service system and expressing the need for support from supervisors and colleagues, as well as the need for sufficient time and resources. Working with ambiguous legislation was a challenge. The informational needs related to identifying emotional violence and its underlying causes and effects were evident. Education and materials, as well as general discussion and understanding were also needed. This study underscores the necessity of comprehensive education and training programmes to equip professionals with the skills and knowledge to address emotional violence. It also highlights the need for increased public awareness and discussion to support professionals in efforts to prevent and intervene in cases of emotional violence. The findings highlight the critical role of professionals in recognising and addressing emotional violence and the requirement for systemic support to enhance their capabilities in this area.