Usage of Fly Ash and Bio-Coal Fly Ash for Bioenergy Production

Abstract

The rise in energy expenditure among all the sectors has demanded sustainable alternatives. Additionally, the present geopolitical tensions have advocated renewable energy resources and circular economy for waste minimization. Fly ash (FA), a waste product generated by coal-fired electric and steam-generating plants is a potent waste, that can be used for different practical uses. Moreover, it is estimated that around 500-600 MT of FA is generated annually. The use of the FA and bio-coal-based FA as catalyst or electrode materials in the bioenergy generation from the waste is worth exploring for circular economy. This chapter delves into the potential usages of the FA and fly ash-based materials for energy production, with special attention towards biodiesel production and bio-electrochemical systems. These systems are widely studied devices for waste to energy and also a tool for carbon sequestration. The FA and bio-coal-derived FA can also be explored for bio-remediation potential.