Association of sinonasal cancer incidence with occupation in the Nordic countries: elevated risk especially among woodworkers

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The study aims to assess the occupational variation of sinonasal cancer (SNC) incidence in the Nordic population. SNC is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and a strong connection with occupational exposure, hence, assessing occupational risk for SNC is an essential aspect in the efforts of cancer prevention. PATIENTS/MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SNC were calculated for 54 occupational categories from data based on population censuses and cancer registries in the five Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. RESULTS: During 1961-2005, 5,799 SNC cases were registered, 61% men and 39% women. Male woodworkers had an SIR of 1.84 for SNC (95% CI 1.66-2.04) with 355 cases, a finding consistent across all Nordic countries. The SIR for the histological subgroup sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) among male woodworkers was 5.50 (95% CI 4.56-6.56) with 122 cases. Female woodworkers also had an elevated SIR for SNC of 1.88 (95% CI 0.90-3.46), but based on only 10 cases. Country-specific elevated SIRs for SNC in men were noted in Denmark for shoe and leather workers (SIR 3.62, 95% CI 1.33-7.87), and in Norway for smelting workers (SIR 2.24, 95% CI 1.41-3.39). Reduced SIRs were observed for male military personnel, teachers, gardeners and farmers, and female religious workers. INTERPRETATION: According to these Nordic registry data, woodworking, which is normally based on soft wood in the Nordic countries, is a high-risk occupation for SNC and particularly for SNAC.