Neurons on Microelectrode Arrays and In Vitro Electrophysiological Data Analysis

Abstract

Microelectrode array (MEA) technology has been used in functional neuronal network studies for decades, enabling the analysis of extracellular neuronal activity in both in vivo and in vitro. The proper interpretation of MEA recordings relies on effective neuronal signal processing and analysis. A key challenge in the field is accurate detection of extracellular neuronal activity (spikes) and identifying their occurrence in dense temporal clusters known as bursts. These bursts can be recorded by individual electrodes (single-channel bursts) or across multiple MEA electrodes (network bursts), adding substantial complexity to the analysis. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of MEA signal analysis techniques, including methods for spike detection, burst identification, and the assessment of functional connectivity within neuronal cultures. We also include the studies involving the multi-compartment MEAs in the context of network activity and connectivity assessment, since such MEA setups offer a spatiotemporal depth in neural network interactions in vitro, facilitating more thorough insights into neurodevelopment and disease modeling. By integrating various analysis methods, the chapter offers a framework for understanding the complex dynamics of neuronal networks and their functional connectivity, making it a valuable resource for researchers using MEA technology for analyzing neuronal electrophysiology.