Seasonal Waste Heat Storage in Energy-Efficient Finnish Apartment Buildings

Abstract

Ground-source heat pump systems that collect energy from thermal borehole fields can produce heat independent of the outdoor temperature, making them ideal for heating cold climates. To reduce the risk of boreholes freezing due to excessive heat drain, the boreholes must be spaced far enough apart from each other. This requires space on the ground, which can be a great challenge in urban environments with limited plot sizes.