Allergic multimorbidity is associated with self-reported anaphylaxis in adults: A cross-sectional questionnaire study

Abstract

<p>Background: Anaphylaxis has increased over the last two decades in Europe, reaching an estimated prevalence of 0.3% and an incidence of 1.5–7.9 per 100,000 person-years. Allergic multimorbidity is associated with asthma severity, yet its role in anaphylaxis is not fully understood. Our aim was to study association between allergic multimorbidity and anaphylaxis in adults. Methods: We used population-based data from the Finnish Allergy Barometer Study (n = 2070, age range: 5–75). Food allergy (FA), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), were defined from a self-completed questionnaire. A logistic regression adjusted on potential confounders (sex, age, smoking status) was applied to estimate the anaphylaxis risk associated with allergic multimorbidity. Results: 1319 adults with at least one allergic disease (FA, AD, AR, AC) with/without asthma (AS) were included. Of these, 164 had self-reported anaphylaxis [mean (SD, min-max) 54 (14, 22–75) years, 17% men]. AS, FA, AR, AC, or AD were reported by 86.0%, 62.2%, 82.3%, 43.3%, and 53.7% of subjects with anaphylaxis and respectively by 67.8%, 29.5%, 86.2%, 29.4%, and 34.4% of subjects without anaphylaxis. Compared with subjects exhibiting only one allergic disease, the risk of anaphylaxis increased with the number of allergic diseases; adjusted odds ratios (OR) [CI95%] for two, three, four and five coinciding allergic diseases were 1.80 [0.79–4.12], 3.35 [1.47–7.66], 7.50 [3.25–17.32], and 13.5 [5.12–33.09], respectively. The highest risk of anaphylaxis (6.47 [4.33–9.92]) was associated with FA + AS or their various variations with AR/AC/AD embodied, when compared with AR, AC, and AS separately or their combinations. Conclusions: Anaphylaxis was positively associated with the number of allergic diseases a subject exhibited and with subgroups including FA and/or AS. The results can be applied when estimating the risk of anaphylaxis for individual patients.</p>