Impact of ZnO addition on Er³+ near-infrared emission, the formation of ag nanoparticles, and the crystallization of sodium fluorophosphate glass

Abstract

<p>The impact of the progressive addition of ZnO up to 5 mol% on the thermal, structural, and optical properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped phosphate glasses within the system NaPO<sub>3</sub>-NaF-ZnO-Ag<sub>2</sub>O is discussed. The glass network was found to depolymerize upon the addition of ZnO. This promotes a slight increase in the intensity of the emission at 1.5 μm as well as enhances the silver ions clustering ability under the heat treating. The Ag-nanoparticles formed after moderate heat-treatment can further enhance the emission at 1.5 μm, whereas an excessive amount of the clusters leads to the opposite effect. The addition of ZnO helps to slightly increase the glass ability of the system. The crystallization behavior study revealed that surface crystallization is observed for all the glasses. It is found that even a small ZnO addition changes the crystalline phases formed after devitrification. Moreover, the addition of ZnO decreases the crystallization tendency of the glass.</p>