Synnytyspelkoa lievittävät keinot raskausaikana äitien näkökulmasta : systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to <br/>describe means to relieve fear of childbirth from the point of view of <br/>mothers during pregnancy. <br/>Data and methods: The material was searched from CINAHL, <br/>MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Medic, Melinda and Cochrane databases and <br/>by manual search from years 2008–2018. The material was limited <br/>to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data consists of <br/>22 studies, which were analyzed with inductive content analysis.<br/>Results: Fear of childbirth was relieved by birthing classes, that <br/>were based on different philosophies, which were traditional, <br/>mindfulness, natural birthing philosophy and pilates-based classes. <br/>Fear was also relieved by getting acquainted with the birthing facility <br/>in advance, cognitive-behavioral therapy, haptotherapy, psycho-<br/>education and prenatal care provided by a midwife. Also support <br/>given by close relatives and the mother’s own activity in preparing <br/>for childbirth helped with fear of childbirth.<br/>Conclusions: There are many kinds of means that are proven <br/>effective to relieve fear of childbirth, that should be offered to <br/>mothers according to their individual needs. Prenatal classes in the <br/>birthing facilities held by midwives play a central role in treating <br/>fearful mothers. Previous studies focus on interventions. Hence <br/>qualitative studies of mothers’ own means to relieve childbirth fear <br/>should be conducted.