The URBAN CAP Framework For UHI Mitigation Strategies : Application to Case Studies in Singapore and Paris

Abstract

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects significantly elevate urban temperatures, posing challenges for cities worldwide. These effects result from the absorption and retention of heat by urban structures and pavements, which is exacerbated by the decreased evapotranspiration associated with limited vegetation in urban areas. This phenomenon contributes to increased energy consumption due to higher demands for cooling and pose health risks associated with heat stress and poor air quality. Understanding and mitigating UHI effects is therefore crucial for sustainable urban development and improving public health. This thesis investigates UHI mitigation strategies within the “URBAN-CAP” framework applied to Singapore and Paris, providing a comparative analysis of approaches across differing urban, climatic, and cultural contexts. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of UHI mitigation strategies in Singapore and Paris using the “URBAN-CAP” framework. This comparative analysis seeks to uncover the nuanced implications of these strategies within varied urban settings and inform context-sensitive urban planning and policymaking. Methodologically, this research utilizes qualitative coding to categorize UHI mitigation strategies, enabling a structured application of the framework for the two selected case study cities. The methods also include a review of existing policies, strategies, and their outcomes related to UHI effects. Key findings reveal that both cities implement robust UHI mitigation strategies, yet the effectiveness varies due to contextual urban and environmental factors. Singapore focuses on green infrastructures like vertical gardens, which effectively reduce heat, while Paris leverages its unique urban layout and historic preservation to moderate UHI effects. The discussion highlights that while both cities are progressive in implementing UHI mitigation strategies, the success and sustainability of these strategies heavily depend on tailored approaches that consider specific local conditions. Moreover, the findings underscore the necessity for a long-term, integrated portfolio of solutions that combines strategies such as green infrastructure, and active community engagement to enhance the resilience and liveability of urban environments against UHI challenges over an extended period.