Assessing the viability and implementation realities of vehicle-to-grid technology: bridging the gap between enthusiasm and practical applications

Abstract

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have become significantly more popular which has led to a dramatic increase in the number of registered vehicles. Additionally, with increased global awareness of the environment, renewable energy resource generation continues to prove its place among the world's power generation sources. Finding solutions to using energy more efficiently is an objective that many researchers are working on, one of which is Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The goal of this thesis is to connect the research hype and the reality of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. In this thesis, the operating principles of V2G are discussed, alongside its benefits, ancillary services, challenges, and solutions. V2G benefits not only the power grid but also consumers, including vehicle owners, the environment, and sustainable development. The advantages of V2G to the power systems include improved power quality and grid stability. From the consumer side, V2G offers a better way of using energy and vehicles. Challenges related to power flow, batteries, social integration, cyber-physical security, and user-friendliness have been addressed and constant efforts are being made to improve these matters. With limited infrastructure and facilities currently, widespread implementation of V2G is not yet ready. However, with pilot projects around the world and positive feedback from experiments, the research efforts now are not wasted and V2G technology is the future.