Comparison of Ice Adhesion Measured with Centrifugal and Pushing Tests
Khan, Kamil (2024)
Khan, Kamil
2024
Master's Programme in Materials Science and Engineering
Tekniikan ja luonnontieteiden tiedekunta - Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2024-04-19
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202404123509
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202404123509
Tiivistelmä
Historically, icing has shaped certain regions of the world in different ways providing both adversities and opportunities. Icing is a common problem that hinders day-to-day operations and activities in cold regions specifically in Nordic countries. In addition, climate change is also affecting weather patterns that result in extreme conditions of temperature. Further, icing on aircraft creates a serious challenge to its safe operations. For example, recently heavy snowfall in Munich, Germany resulted in flight cancellations and delays. Therefore, it is crucial to remove ice to avoid unwanted situations caused by icing and maintain regular daily life in cold regions.
Surface engineering has made significant progress in developing anti-icing solutions. Globally, research on developing ice-protective surfaces and coatings is increasing each year. Validating these new anti-icing surfaces need comprehensive standardized ice adhesion testing methods. Until now, several ice adhesion testing methods have been developed. However, no standard ice adhesion testing method has been defined and developed yet. Therefore, two prominent and widely used ice adhesion testing methods were compared to overcome this research gap and provide a clear understanding of ice adhesion measurement techniques.
The objective of the thesis is to compare two different ice adhesion testing methods i.e., Centrifugal Ice Adhesion Test (CAT) and Force Gauge (FG) Push Test. This research will contribute to further enhance the reliability of obtained ice adhesion values. Two different types of ice were made, impact ice from supercooled water droplets using Icing Wind Tunnel (IWiT) and mould ice by freezing deionized water in the mould. The ice was made on different surfaces of distinct aluminium alloys, for example, Al2017, Al6082, and Al7075 for carrying out experimental work. Each aluminium alloy has three different surfaces such as as-received, polished, and polyethylene coated. As these aluminium alloys are widely used in aircraft components for example wings and other parts due to their high strength to weight ratio. Therefore, investigating and evaluating the anti-icing coating characteristics of these materials will enhance aircraft performance in cold regions through a novel approach of using flame sprayed polyethylene coatings. The research findings reveal that ice adhesion strength obtained with either impact ice or CAT method is relatively higher than the one that came up with either FG Push test or mould ice. Moreover, polyethylene coated aluminium alloys showed better icephobic performance with an ice adhesion value of less than 100 kPa with both ice adhesion testing method and ice types. Further, aluminium alloys such as polished and as-received surfaces show higher ice adhesion strength. These results have been further confirmed by the wetting behaviour and surface roughness effect.
Surface engineering has made significant progress in developing anti-icing solutions. Globally, research on developing ice-protective surfaces and coatings is increasing each year. Validating these new anti-icing surfaces need comprehensive standardized ice adhesion testing methods. Until now, several ice adhesion testing methods have been developed. However, no standard ice adhesion testing method has been defined and developed yet. Therefore, two prominent and widely used ice adhesion testing methods were compared to overcome this research gap and provide a clear understanding of ice adhesion measurement techniques.
The objective of the thesis is to compare two different ice adhesion testing methods i.e., Centrifugal Ice Adhesion Test (CAT) and Force Gauge (FG) Push Test. This research will contribute to further enhance the reliability of obtained ice adhesion values. Two different types of ice were made, impact ice from supercooled water droplets using Icing Wind Tunnel (IWiT) and mould ice by freezing deionized water in the mould. The ice was made on different surfaces of distinct aluminium alloys, for example, Al2017, Al6082, and Al7075 for carrying out experimental work. Each aluminium alloy has three different surfaces such as as-received, polished, and polyethylene coated. As these aluminium alloys are widely used in aircraft components for example wings and other parts due to their high strength to weight ratio. Therefore, investigating and evaluating the anti-icing coating characteristics of these materials will enhance aircraft performance in cold regions through a novel approach of using flame sprayed polyethylene coatings. The research findings reveal that ice adhesion strength obtained with either impact ice or CAT method is relatively higher than the one that came up with either FG Push test or mould ice. Moreover, polyethylene coated aluminium alloys showed better icephobic performance with an ice adhesion value of less than 100 kPa with both ice adhesion testing method and ice types. Further, aluminium alloys such as polished and as-received surfaces show higher ice adhesion strength. These results have been further confirmed by the wetting behaviour and surface roughness effect.