Exploitation of 5G communications and positioning in future railway traffic management

Abstract

As an essential element of the worldwide transportation infrastructure, the railway sector requires effective communication to ensure the secure functioning and administration of multiple systems. A major factor in the development of the railroad industry has been communication technology, which ranges from visual signs and whistles to telegraphy and block signaling systems. The introduction of new communication technologies has pushed the industry forward even further, allowing for communication-based train control systems and the creation of the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS). FRMCS is required to replace obsolete GSM-R technology, fulfil the expanding needs of railway communication systems, and support autonomous train operations. The International Union of Railways (UIC) understands the need of digitizing railway operations and has begun the process of standardizing FRMCS. FRMCS is projected to provide benefits such as higher capacity, improved reliability, interoperability, and security, with 5G technology playing a critical role in facilitating seamless communication. 5G has a wide range of sophisticated technological features that provide the system flexibility required to support a wide range of FRMCS applications. This thesis presents and analyses features such as flexible subcarrier spacing, massive MIMO, slicing, 5G positioning, URLLC, and mMTC. This thesis will demonstrate how these elements can fit the FRMCS criteria and enable the use of sophisticated technologies such as machine learning, cyber security, SDN, and NFV. Despite the fact that 5G has a number of advantages for FRMCS, its introduction in railways poses a number of problems. Among the issues addressed in this thesis are energy efficiency, handover, positioning, cost and investment, safety and security, migration from GSM-R, and cross-border communication. This thesis explores the difficulties and potential solutions to the aforementioned issues.