Equipment system scale-up study for fast pyrolysis
Tervo, Hannes (2023)
Tervo, Hannes
2023
Konetekniikan DI-ohjelma - Master's Programme in Mechanical Engineering
Tekniikan ja luonnontieteiden tiedekunta - Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2023-06-02
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202306016385
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202306016385
Tiivistelmä
Scalability can be understood as system’s adapting to changing demands. As studying scalability of system or some part of it, scaling factors are identified, and model laws, which determinate how scaling is forming, are searched. This thesis investigates scalability of equipment system of pyrolysis plant, as capacity of plant is increased. In addition to scaling, it was necessary to consider how the scale-up phase would follow the principles of modularity, so that it would support modulation later. Modularity means that product variation happens by changing the modules of the product which the product is built with. Modularity reduces complexity from the company’s point of view while allowing a wide range of product offering by utilizing the interchangeability of module variants.
This thesis has been made for Valmet Technologies Oy. Research problem was to determinate, how equipment sizes of the studied equipment system will change when capacity of plant is increased, how this will affect to equipment’s mutual layout, taking into account the dependencies between equipment and finally to study some effects of process duplication. Research problem is expressed as three defined objectives in this thesis. Type of study in this work is constructive study, and used research methods were literature survey, collecting and utilizing earlier design data, modeling, and meetings with experts.
Scale-up examination has been executed in the accuracy of space reservations. Results included principles and model laws for scaling of pyrolysis equipment. In addition, results included recognition of scaling principle for CFB-boiler complex included to study. 3D space reservation model and 2D layout concept drawings were created as studying layout. Comments were collected from layouts and needs for modifications appeared during research process. Study contained making layout concept suggestions and iteration of one concept towards functional entity. Results included identifying several challenges related to scale-up and process duplication. Such challenges were for example collisions, routing challenges of sand circulation pipes, unfavourable effects to reactor height and height position of loop seal, and up-coming challenges in controlling thermal movements. Also, one found challenge is a large number of dependencies between equipment at sand circulation loop. Furthermore, work estimates, how the principles of modularity could be used during scale-up phase, and thesis includes some theory, which supports modulation at later stages of project.
Results can be utilized at the later design phases. Some possibilities for further research were noticed based on this thesis. Those are related to solving some of already noticed challenges, expanding the scope of studied equipment in scale-up study, and documenting dependencies and to consider eliminating some of dependencies from this concept.
This thesis has been made for Valmet Technologies Oy. Research problem was to determinate, how equipment sizes of the studied equipment system will change when capacity of plant is increased, how this will affect to equipment’s mutual layout, taking into account the dependencies between equipment and finally to study some effects of process duplication. Research problem is expressed as three defined objectives in this thesis. Type of study in this work is constructive study, and used research methods were literature survey, collecting and utilizing earlier design data, modeling, and meetings with experts.
Scale-up examination has been executed in the accuracy of space reservations. Results included principles and model laws for scaling of pyrolysis equipment. In addition, results included recognition of scaling principle for CFB-boiler complex included to study. 3D space reservation model and 2D layout concept drawings were created as studying layout. Comments were collected from layouts and needs for modifications appeared during research process. Study contained making layout concept suggestions and iteration of one concept towards functional entity. Results included identifying several challenges related to scale-up and process duplication. Such challenges were for example collisions, routing challenges of sand circulation pipes, unfavourable effects to reactor height and height position of loop seal, and up-coming challenges in controlling thermal movements. Also, one found challenge is a large number of dependencies between equipment at sand circulation loop. Furthermore, work estimates, how the principles of modularity could be used during scale-up phase, and thesis includes some theory, which supports modulation at later stages of project.
Results can be utilized at the later design phases. Some possibilities for further research were noticed based on this thesis. Those are related to solving some of already noticed challenges, expanding the scope of studied equipment in scale-up study, and documenting dependencies and to consider eliminating some of dependencies from this concept.