Methods to modulate macrophage polarization in tissue regeneration via biomaterials
Hiihtola, Lotta (2022)
Hiihtola, Lotta
2022
Bioteknologian ja biolääketieteen tekniikan kandidaattiohjelma - Bachelor's Programme in Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
Lääketieteen ja terveysteknologian tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2022-11-16
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202210207710
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202210207710
Tiivistelmä
Immunomodulation via biomaterials has become a promising strategy for regenerative medicine, helping to heal chronic wounds and assisting to guide the natural healing process. Particularly, modulation of macrophage phenotype via biomaterial properties has raised interest in recent years due to macrophages heterogenous phenotype and their involvement in tissue regeneration and inflammation.
Macrophages are an important part of the innate immune system as they act as first responders to inflammation. They can be found from numerous tissues, where they maintain the natural homeostasis by phagocytosing intrusive pathogens, apoptotic cells, and cell debris. In addition, macrophages secrete cytokines and chemokines thus regulating function and migration of surrounding cells. Generally, macrophages can switch their phenotype from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 type, depending on the microenvironment. This change in phenotype is crucial for the proper tissue healing process and without it, chronic inflammation can take over. Besides inflammation, macrophages have shown for instance, to be involved in regulating angiogenesis and progenitor cell stimulation.
The polarization of macrophages is influenced by various factors, such as physical and chemical properties of the foreign body or cytokines in the microenvironment. Therefore, harnessing bio-material physical and chemical properties for modulating macrophage polarization is a viable strategy. In addition, controlled release of bioactive substances can be utilized to fine-tune the reaction timing and magnitude.
This thesis introduces the role of macrophages in tissue regeneration and discusses the interaction of biomaterials with them. Moreover, the strategies for modulation of macrophage polarization are showcased with recent advances in biomaterial design. Also, the usage of bioactive substances in biomaterials for fine-tuning the macrophage respond is discussed.
Macrophages are an important part of the innate immune system as they act as first responders to inflammation. They can be found from numerous tissues, where they maintain the natural homeostasis by phagocytosing intrusive pathogens, apoptotic cells, and cell debris. In addition, macrophages secrete cytokines and chemokines thus regulating function and migration of surrounding cells. Generally, macrophages can switch their phenotype from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 type, depending on the microenvironment. This change in phenotype is crucial for the proper tissue healing process and without it, chronic inflammation can take over. Besides inflammation, macrophages have shown for instance, to be involved in regulating angiogenesis and progenitor cell stimulation.
The polarization of macrophages is influenced by various factors, such as physical and chemical properties of the foreign body or cytokines in the microenvironment. Therefore, harnessing bio-material physical and chemical properties for modulating macrophage polarization is a viable strategy. In addition, controlled release of bioactive substances can be utilized to fine-tune the reaction timing and magnitude.
This thesis introduces the role of macrophages in tissue regeneration and discusses the interaction of biomaterials with them. Moreover, the strategies for modulation of macrophage polarization are showcased with recent advances in biomaterial design. Also, the usage of bioactive substances in biomaterials for fine-tuning the macrophage respond is discussed.
Kokoelmat
- Kandidaatintutkielmat [8800]