The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
GBD 2019 Child and Adolescent Communicable Disease Collaborators; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Kerr, Jessica A.; Francis, Kate L.; Sawyer, Susan M.; Kennedy, Elissa Clare; Steer, Andrew C.; Graham, Stephen Michael; Viner, Russell M.; Ward, Joseph L.; Hennegan, Julie; Pham, Minh D.; Habito, Christine Marie D.; Kurji, Jaameeta; Cini, Karly I.; Beeson, James G.; Brown, Alex; Murray, Christopher J.L.; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abolhassani, Hassan; Adekanmbi, Victor; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ajami, Marjan; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Ali, Musa Mohammed; Samakkhah, Shohreh Alian; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alipour, Vahid; Al-Jumaily, Adel; Amiri, Sohrab; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Anoushiravani, Amir; Anvari, Davood; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.; Asemi, Zatollah; Asgary, Saeed; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Azami, Hiva; Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza; Azizi, Hosein; Bagheri, Nader; Bagherieh, Sara; Shiri, Rahman; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (2023-07)
GBD 2019 Child and Adolescent Communicable Disease Collaborators
Azzopardi, Peter S.
Kerr, Jessica A.
Francis, Kate L.
Sawyer, Susan M.
Kennedy, Elissa Clare
Steer, Andrew C.
Graham, Stephen Michael
Viner, Russell M.
Ward, Joseph L.
Hennegan, Julie
Pham, Minh D.
Habito, Christine Marie D.
Kurji, Jaameeta
Cini, Karly I.
Beeson, James G.
Brown, Alex
Murray, Christopher J.L.
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abolhassani, Hassan
Adekanmbi, Victor
Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Ajami, Marjan
Akbarialiabad, Hossein
Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Ali, Musa Mohammed
Samakkhah, Shohreh Alian
Alimohamadi, Yousef
Alipour, Vahid
Al-Jumaily, Adel
Amiri, Sohrab
Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein
Anoushiravani, Amir
Anvari, Davood
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.
Asemi, Zatollah
Asgary, Saeed
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Azami, Hiva
Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
Azizi, Hosein
Bagheri, Nader
Bagherieh, Sara
Shiri, Rahman
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
07 / 2023
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202311159673
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202311159673
Kuvaus
Peer reviewed
Tiivistelmä
Background: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. Methods: In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0–24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990–2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. Findings: In 2019, there were 3·0 million deaths and 30·0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288·4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57·3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4·0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59·8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15–19 years in low-SDI settings. Interpretation: Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world. Funding: The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Kokoelmat
- TUNICRIS-julkaisut [19020]