Turbo Decoding on Tailored OpenCL Processor

Abstract

Turbo coding is commonly used in the current wireless standards such as 3G and 4G. However, due to the high computational requirements, its software-defined implementation is challenging. This paper proposes a static multi-issue exposed datapath processor design tailored for turbo decoding. In order to utilize the parallel processor datapath efficiently without resorting to low level assembly programming, the turbo decoder is implemented using OpenCL, a parallel programming standard for heterogeneous devices. The proposed implementation includes only a small set of Turbo-specific custom operations to accelerate the most critical parts of the algorithm. Most of the computation is performed using general-purpose integer operations. Thus, the processor design can be used as a general-purpose OpenCL accelerator for arbitrary integer workloads as well. The proposed processor design was evaluated both by implementing it using a Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA and by ASIC synthesis using 130 nm and 40 nm technology libraries. The implementation achieves over 63 Mbps Turbo decoding throughput on a single low-power core. According to the ASIC synthesis, the maximum operating clock frequency is 344 MHz/1 050 MHz (130 nm/40 nm).